Vocab

Mission Possible: A New India

On 15 February this year, Isro placed 104 satellites into orbit using only a single launch of one vehicle, PSLV-C37. The video of the event, available easily enough on the net, shows the familiar zoom of a rocket entering space, and then little flicks chase one another into the deep distance until the mission is completed. Only three satellites were Indian; 96 were commissioned by two American companies, Planet Laks and Spire Global.

The acceleration in space, impressive as it is, might be less spectacular than the change taking place on the ground. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has initiated a transformation towards a new India in which historic burdens such as poverty and corruption have been eliminated, and inheritance ills like communalism and casteism are only bad memory. His mission has a calendar; the deadline is 2022, when India celebrates its 75th year of independence.

Transformative change needs radical thinking. The economic empowerment of women is being used as a principal cure for poverty. Under Mudra, the PM's signature project for those at the base of the economic pyramid, loans worth Rs 3,55,590 crore have been disbursed (pay out (money from a fund).). Remarkably, 78% of those taking these loans are women.

The PM's housing plan, for the impoverished (poor), is an equally big story in gender emancipation (the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.). A woman can take this home loan as sole owner; but a man needs a woman as co-owner unless he is a widower or bachelor. This is a fundamental shift in the balance of power within a family. Over 25 million women who thought that a gas cylinder was a privilege of the middle class or rich, are now in smokeless kitchens. Swachh Bharat is a means to dignity and better health for women. The list is long.

The objective is to lift about 400 million out of harsh poverty in five years by ensuring that the first fruits and largest share of economic growth go to those who need it most. In a complementary initiative, the PM is using India's proven capability in high-quality, low-cost technology to create efficient, sustainable and corruption-free delivery systems for direct benefits to the poor on an unprecedented (अभूतपूर्व) scale.

Jan Dhan was an essential first step. In 2015, within three months, banks opened 300 million accounts for those who had never crossed the doors of a bank before.  Critics sneered (smile or speak in a contemptuous or mocking manner.) that these were “cashless”. Unsurprisingly, they had missed the point: banks were now serving those without money, rather than those with.

Use of technology for transparency has also become mandatory in the bidding process for government contracts. In a country where, particularly during the long decade between 2004 and 2014, contracts became synonymous with corruption, the change is a virtual revolution, leaving sections of the old political-industrial complex frustrated, angry and desperate to restore the previous order.

New India is being fashioned from embers (slowly dying or fading emotions, memories, ideas, or responses still capable of being revived) of the old. Sceptics who cannot fathom (understand (a difficult problem or an enigmatic person) after much thought.) why Narendra Modi has become the most popular PM in memory need look no further than his comprehensive assault on poverty and corruption.

It surely cannot be anyone's case that through some twirl (changing/spin quickly and lightly round, especially repeatedly.) of a magic wand, India should suddenly become free of all ills. Among our difficult legacies is the politics of Hindu-Muslim differences, a tragedy that has simmered (show or feel barely suppressed anger or other strong emotion.) and often bubbled into conflict. One long-standing dispute has been over the cow, held sacred in Hinduism. Mahatma Gandhi urged an end to cow slaughter; and the lead architect of our Constitution, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar, included this as a guiding tenet of our Constitution. Beef was banned in most states by Congress governments.

Of late, cow vigilantes have attacked Muslims and Dalits on suspicion of eating or transporting beef. Two incidents attracted wide, and understandable, media coverage: of Pehlu Khan in Rajasthan and Junaid in Haryana.

No government can prevent crime. A government's bona fides are tested by what it does in pursuit of the criminal. In Rajasthan, seven suspects have been charged with murder. The state's chief minister Vasundhara Raje has dismissed as malicious the allegation that her administration was biased and argued the same in this newspaper, in an opened piece headlined `Mob violence is unacceptable'. Comparisons are not an answer, but she pointed out that murders and mob violence took a higher tally in Rajasthan in 2012, when Congress was in power. In Haryana, five were arrested but the main suspect escaped. Police traced him to Sakri, in Maharashtra, where he thought he had found safety in obscurity. He has now confessed to stabbing Junaid.

On 29 June, PM Modi expressed his anguish (मनोव्यथा/वेदना) during the centenary (relating to a hundredth anniversary.) event of Mahatma Gandhi's Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat, wondering how much pain Gandhi himself would have felt. Gandhi had offered to die for the cow, but never advocated violence in its name. Finance minister Arun Jaitley has described the incidents as barbaric.

Both voters and politicians are increasingly dismissive of the motivated and fraying narrative of extended guilt. Nitish Kumar, for instance, refused to buy this false propaganda of Congress, whose only electoralcrutch (सहारा) now is the alleged insecurity of minorities.

In 2013, there was an assassination attempt on Narendra Modi during a rally in Patna. At that critical, volatile moment, he said that Hindus and Muslims had a choice: they could either fight each other, or they could unite to fight the true enemy, poverty. Fraternity (भाईचारा) and prosperity of all Indians is the onlycreed (सिद्धान्त/मत) of Narendra Modi.

Courtesy: The Times of India (Futuristic)

1. Fraternity (noun): Friendship and mutual support within a group. (भाईचारा/ बंधुत्व)  

Synonyms: Brotherhood, Companionship, Togetherness, Solidarity, Camaraderie.

Antonyms: Discord, Disagreement.

Example: He was not a criminal, in the sense that he was not a member of the criminal fraternity.

Verb forms: Fraternize, Fraternized, Fraternized.

Related words:

Fraternize (verb) - Associate or form a friendship with someone, especially when one is not supposed to.

Origin: From Latin Frater means Brother.

2. Fathom (verb): (Understand (a difficult problem or an enigmatic person) after much thought.) (पूर्ण रूप से समझना)

Synonyms: Understand, Comprehend, Grasp, Catch, Perceive.

Antonyms: Misinterpret, Misunderstand, Estimate, Neglect.

Example: Since I have always done my work, I cannot fathom why my boss just fired me.

Verb forms: Fathom, Fathomed, Fathomed.

Related words:

Fathomless (noun) - अथाह

3. Twirl (verb): (Changing (fast)/spin quickly and lightly round, especially repeatedly.) (घूमना/चक्करकरना)

Synonyms: Spin (Round), Pirouette, Whirl, Turn (Round), Gyrate, Swivel.

Antonyms: Straighten, Straight, Untwirl, Untwist.

Example: The kite twists and twirls in the wind.

Verb forms: Twirl, Twirled, Twirled.

4. Simmer (verb): (Show or feel barely suppressed anger or other strong emotion.) (क्रोध की अवस्था में होना)

Synonyms: Seethe, Rage, Enraged, Be Angry.

Antonyms: Tranquil, Cool, Calm, Please.

Example: Because my neighbor’s son has broken my car window for a third time, I cannot help butsimmer.

Verb forms: Simmer, Simmered, Simmered.

5. Crutch (noun): A thing used for support or reassurance. (सहारा)  

Synonyms: Support, Anchor, Foothold, Buttress.

Antonyms: Broken Reed, Unreliable.

Example: being rejected, he fell into depression, and alcohol became her crutch.

Origin: From German Krücke

6. Creed (noun): A set of beliefs or aims which guide someone's actions. (सिद्धान्त/मत)

Synonyms: Faith, Belief, Persuasion, Doctrine, Tenet. 

Antonyms: Disbelief, Doubt, Skepticism, Unbelief.

Example: Kind by heart, Jack’s creed calls upon him to help humans in need.

Origin: from Latin credo.

7. Disburse (verb): (Pay out (money from a fund) (संवितरित/व्यय करना) 

Synonyms: Pay Out, Spend, Expend, outlay.

Antonyms: Hold, Deposit, Keep, Retain.

Example: Every year government disbursed a lot on ammunitions, but security is always a major concern.

Verb forms: Disburse, Disbursed, Disbursed.

Related Words:

Disbursement (noun) - व्यय

Origin: from Old French desbourser, from des- (expressing removal) + bourse ‘purse’.

8. Emancipation (noun): (The fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation. (उद्धार/मुक्ति)

Synonyms: Freeing, Liberation, Liberating, Setting Free, Freedom, Liberty.

Antonyms: Enslavement, Slavery.

Example: Computer technology has done a great deal to emancipate office workers from tedious jobs.

Verb forms: Emancipate, Emancipated, Emancipated.

Related words:

Emancipate (verb) - To give freedom to someone

Origin:  from Latin emancipare, from e-(variant of ex- ) ‘out’ + mancipium ‘slave’.

9. Unprecedented (adjective): Previously never experienced or seen (अभूतपूर्व)

Synonyms: Unequalled, Unmatched, Unheard-of, Extraordinary.

Antonyms: Common, Customary, Normal, Ordinary, Usual.

Example: When oil refineries suddenly halted production, gas prices reached unprecedented rates that shocked economists.

Related words:

Unprecedentedly (adverb) - अभूतपूर्व ढंग से

10. Anguish (noun): Extreme suffering or grief/ the state of being in pain. (मनोव्यथा/वेदना)

Synonyms: Agony, Pain, Suffering, Distress, Sorrow, Grief, Heartache.

Antonyms: Delight, Happiness, Joy, Comfort, Relief.

Example: The dog howled in anguish after being hit by a car.

Verb forms: Anguish, Anguished, Anguished.

Related words:

Anguish (verb) - Suffer great pains or distress