English Vocab

Curbing The Khaps

The Supreme Court guidelines are welcome — but we need a strong law on ‘honour’ crimes

Many crimes committed in the name of defending the honour of a caste, clan or family may have their origin in India’s abominable (repugnantly hateful; detestable; loathsome) caste system, but there are other contributing factors as well. Entrenched ((of an attitude, habit, or belief) firmly established and difficult or unlikely to change; ingrained) social prejudices (preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience), feudal structures and patriarchal (relating to or denoting a system of society or government controlled by men) attitudes are behind what are referred to as ‘honour killings’. While these cannot be eradicated overnight through law or judicial diktat, it is inevitable (certain to

happen; unavoidable) that a stern law and order approach is adopted as the first step towards curbing groups that seek to enforce such medieval notions of ‘honour’ through murder or the threat of murder, or ostracization (exclude from a society or group). It is in this context that the Supreme Court’s strident observations against khap panchayats and guidelines to deal with them acquire significance. It is not the first time that the apex court has voiced its strong disapproval of khaps, or village assemblies that assume the authority to discipline what they deem behaviour that offends their notions of honour. Previous judgments have made it clear that the life choices of individual adults, especially with regard to love and marriage, do not brook any sort of interference from any quarter. In the latest judgment, a three-judge Bench headed by Chief Justice Dipak Misra has located the problem as one that violates the liberty and dignity of individuals, and something that requires preventive, remedial and punitive (inflicting or intended as punishment) measures.

The High Courts of Punjab and Haryana and Madras have laid down guidelines to the police on creating special cells and 24-hour helplines to provide assistance and protection to young couples. The Supreme Court has now gone a step further and asked the police to establish safe-houses for couples under threat. The direction asking police officers to try and persuade (convince someone to do something) khaps to desist from making illegal decisions may appear soft. But in the same breath, the court has also empowered the police to prohibit such gatherings and effect preventive arrests. How far it is feasible to videograph the proceedings of such assemblies remains to be seen, but it may be a deterrent (a thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something) against any brazen (bold and without shame) flouting of the law. The verdict is also notable for dealing with some points made often in defence of khap panchayats, rejecting outright the claims that they were only engaged in raising awareness about permissible marriages, including inter-caste and inter-faith ones, and against sapinda and sagotra marriages. The court has rightly laid down that deciding what is permitted and what is not is the job of civil courts. While these guidelines, if they are adhered to, may have some salutary effect on society, the government should not remain content with asking the States to implement these norms. It should expedite its own efforts to bring in a comprehensive law to curb killings in the name of honour and to prohibit interference in the matrimonial choices of individuals.

Courtesy-The Hindu (National)

1. Abominable (adjective): (Repugnantly hateful; detestable; loathsome) (घिनौना, अप्रिय, भद्दा)

Synonyms: Abhorrent, Loathsome, Hateful, Despicable

Antonyms: Pleasant, Desirous, Honourable

Example: Colonists protested the abominable tax laws that were keeping them poor and in debt.

Verb forms: Abominate, Abominated, Abominated

Related words: Abominate (verb) Abominableness (noun) Abominably (adverb)

2. Entrenched (adjective): (Of an attitude, habit, or belief) firmly established and difficult or unlikely to change; ingrained) (दीर्घस्थायी, अपरिवर्तनीय दृष्टिकोण, आदत, या विश्वास)

Synonyms: Rooted, Fortified, Firm

Antonyms: Changeable, Irresolute, Dislodge, Superficial

Example: Will you continue to entrench yourself in work or enjoy your weekend off?

Verb forms: Entrench, Entrenched, Entrenched

Related words: Entrench (verb)

3. Prejudice (noun) : (Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.) (पूर्वधारणा)

Synonyms: Preconception, Bias, Mindset, Assumption

Antonyms: Fairness, Impartiality, Indifference, Open-Mindedness, Neutrality

Example: He has a prejudice against fast-food restaurants.

Verb forms: Prejudice, Prejudiced, Prejudiced

Related words: Idioms:- ‘without prejudice’ (without dismissing, damaging, or otherwise affecting a legal interest or demand.)

Prejudice (verb)

4. Patriarchal (adjective): (Relating to or denoting a system of society or government controlled by men.) (पित्तंत्रात्‍मक, वंश या धर्म का प्रधान)

Synonyms: Patricentric, Paternal, Fatherly, Authoritarian,

Antonyms: Matriarchal, Maternal, Motherly

Example: Her mother wants to be sympathetic, yet as a representative of her father'spatriarchal power, she can only follow the script laid out for her.

Related words: Patriarchally (adverb)

5. Inevitable (adjective) : (Certain to happen; unavoidable.) (अपरिहार्य, अनिवार्य, अटल)

Synonyms: Inescapable, Unpreventable, Certain, Inexorable, Unpreventable, Assured

Antonyms: Avoidable, Escapable, Uncertain

Example: Because the little boy would not stop playing with matches, it was inevitablehe would burn himself.

Related words: Inevitable (noun) Inevitably (adverb)

6. Ostracize (verb): (Exclude from a society or group.) (निष्कासित करना, समाज से बाहर निकालना)

Synonyms: Blacklist, Exclude, Expel, Banish, Expatriate, Proscribe

Antonyms: Include, Admit, Accept, Accede, Append

Example: As a teacher, your job is not to ostracize your students but to show them support so they can become contributing members of society.

Verb forms: Ostracize, Ostracized, Ostracized

Related words: Ostracizable (adjective) Ostracization, (noun)

7. Punitive (adjective): (Inflicting or intended as punishment.) (दंडात्मक)

Synonyms: Punishing, Vindictive, Penal, Disciplinary, Retributive

Antonyms: Rewarding, Beneficial 

Example: Since the punitive sanctions are not producing the desired results, the United Nations is sending troops into the distressed country.

Related words: Punitively (adverb) Punitiveness (noun)

8. Persuade (verb): (Convince someone to do something.) (मनाना, फुसलाना)

Synonyms: Coax, Cajole, Influence, Prompt 

Antonyms: Dissuade, Prevent

Example: When the salesman attempted to persuade me to buy a rundown car, I laughed in his face.

Verb forms: Persuade, Persuaded, Persuaded

Related words: Persuadable (adjective) Persuadability Persuadableness (noun)

9. Deterrent (noun): (A thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something.) (निराश या हतोत्साह करनेवाला)

Synonyms: Distressed, Disincentive, Displeased, Discouragement

Antonyms: Encouragement, Incentive, Inducement, Fillip  

Example: Detention acts as a deterrent for students who would otherwise misbehave at school.

Verb forms: Deter, Deterred, Deterred

Related words: Deterrent (adjective) Deterrently (adverb)

10. Brazen (adjective) : (Bold and without shame.) (निर्लज, बेशर्म)

Synonyms: Shameless, Unabashed, Audacious, Insolent, Immodest

Antonyms: Shame, Abashed, Embarrassed

Example: If you wear that short dress to church, many people will consider you to bebrazen.

Verb forms: Brazen, Brazened, Brazened

Related words: phrases:- ‘brazen out /through’ (to face boldly or shamelessly)